Gigantophis - Facts and Figures

Name: Gigantophis (Greek for giant snake); pronounced jih-GAN-toe-fiss Habitat: Woodlands of northern Africa and southern Asia Historical Epoch: Late Eocene (40-35 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 33 feet long and half a ton Diet: Small animals Distinguishing Characteristics: Large size; capacious jaws About Gigantophis Like many other creatures in the history of life on earth, Gigantophis had the misfortune of being the biggest of its kind until its fame was eclipsed by something even bigger. Measuring about 33 feet long from the tip of its head to the end of its tail and weighing up to half a ton, this prehistoric snake of late Eocene northern Africa (about 40 million years ago) ruled the proverbial swamp until the discovery of the much, much bigger Titanoboa (up to 50 feet long and one ton) in South America. To extrapolate from its habitat and the behavior of similar, modern, but much smaller snakes, paleontologists believe that Gigantophis may have preyed on mammalian megafauna, perhaps including the distant elephant ancestor Moeritherium. Ever since its discovery in Algeria over a hundred years ago, Gigantophis had been represented in the fossil record by a single species, G. garstini. However, the identification in 2014 of a second Gigantophis specimen, in Pakistan, leaves open the possibility of another species being erected in the near future. This find also indicates that Gigantophis and madtsoiid snakes like it had a much wider distribution than previously believed, and may well have ranged across the expanse of Africa and Eurasia during the Eocene epoch. (As for Gigantophis own ancestors, these smaller, mostly undiscovered fossil snakes lurk in the underbrush of the Paleocene epoch, the period of time just after the extinction of the dinosaurs).

Indian Camp Characterization - 1448 Words

†Characterization of the main characters† â€Å"Indian Camp† Nick followed his father to an Indian camp to witness his father help a women through childbirth. At first glance â€Å"Indian Camp† seems to be about a boy’s right of passage experience, as he witnesses a child’s birth. This beautiful feminine act is however described through masculine eyes, and therefore is more about the father’s development than it is about Nick’s or the Indian woman. But this story also unarguably represents an initiation, or a loss of innocence for Nick. When the â€Å"young Indian stopped and blew out his lantern†. The literal shift from lightness to darkness signals the metaphorical separation for Nick. He is no longer sitting in his comfort zone. From the beginning of†¦show more content†¦This emphasizes that he has detached himself from the extreme agony of the scene to the extent that he is able to relish in the crudeness of it with pleasure. Nick, on the other hand, has clearly been bothered by the event. He is â€Å"looking away so as not to see what his father was doing† during the operation, â€Å"didn’t look† and â€Å"did not watch† as his father made the incision. He also says that â€Å"his curiosity had been gone for a long time†. This shows his uncomfortable avoidance of the situation contrasts strongly with his father’s noisy bragging. That also further illustrates the distinction between childhood empathy with suffering and adult masculine detachment to it. The matter of witnessing a death is not one that can be dealt with easily, the fact that the Indian man committed suicide was a memory that would haunt Nick for the rest of his life. Nick faced a choice at the beginning of the story: he can either empathize with the suffering woman and â€Å"curse himself with a death full endless empathy† or identify with his coldly rational father and forever lose his â€Å"capacity for humanity†. To empathize with the woman is portrayed as the childish reaction, as Nick does this at the beginning of the story before he has experienced the violent situation. To reject her suffering and rise above it is portrayed as the masculine, stoic, adult reaction. This is portrayed by Nick’s father by saying that â€Å"her screams do notShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Movie The Dance Of The Indian 1339 Words   |  6 Pagesearth searching for bison with the Natives. We saw him attempting to take in the Indian dialect, and we even saw him wedding into the Indian gang. Through each of these events, he was getting the opportunity to be incorporated in the dance of the Indian. He began to eat, rest, and think like the Indians. A standout amongst the most climactic snippets of the movie was the point at which we saw Dunbar helping the Indians battles an opponent tribe. The Natives were battling to spare their ladies andRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Captivity And The Restoration Of Mary Rowlandson1611 Words   |  7 Pages On February tenth, 1675, an Indian attack on Lancaster during King Philip’s War resulted in the capture of twenty-four people. Mary Rowlandson was among these captives, and the resulting captivity narrative, titled The Narrative of the Captivity and the Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson, published in 1682, is formed based on her memory. Rowlandson’s captivity narrative carried great significance in that it came to be used as a didactic Jeremiad, leading its Calvinist audience back towards God’sRead MoreErnest Hemingway s `` Indian Camp `` And Hills Like White Elephants ``928 Words   |  4 Pagesmale-chauvinist characters either abusing or disregarding we ak and helpless women. However, Bauer, a professor of English and women’s studies, believes that the characterization of Hemingway as an abuser and having a blatant disregard of women is almost entirely created by the scholars and readers of his stories. With an analysis of Hemingway’s â€Å"Indian Camp† and â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants†, Bauer attempts to bring her own feminist perspective to Hemingway’s notoriously misogynistic texts to prove that thereRead MoreEssay on Biographical References in and Hemingways Male Characters3950 Words   |  16 Pagesthrough his characterization. The author once said, â€Å"Don’t look at me. Look at my words† (154). Hemingway constantly draws parallels to his life with his characters and stories. One blatant connection is with the short story, â€Å"Indian Camp,† in which an Indian baby is born and its father dies. As Nick is Hemingway’s central persona, the story revolves around his journey across a lake to an Indian village. In this story, Nick is a teenager watching his father practice as a doctor in an Indian villageRead MoreFilm Analysis : Dances With Wolves2774 Words   |  12 Pagesstronghold. As the scene winds down, we see the warriors abandoning him with new coffee tin and mugs strapped to their backs and through a voice over portrayal, it is uncovered that he has additionally issued them some coffee and sugar to take back to their camp circle with them (Costner, p.23).. Dancing with somebody means being one with that person. When you move, you put your differences aside and you attempt to take steps as one individual. Each step streams warily into the following. You never need toRead More Caryl Phillips The Nature of Blood Essay3229 Words   |  13 Pagesusing the familiar Shakespearean character Othello to provide a counterpoint to the others’ experiences of displacement. The Nature of Blood thus initially seems to fit awkwardly among texts by other West Indian authors who use the Caribbean as the setting of their work or incorporate West Indian characters into their work. Through his multi-stranded narrative, however, Phillips creates a geographical setting that mirrors the multi-regional influence of the Caribbean. The triangular space of EuropeRead MoreThe Ransom of Red Chief1721 Words   |  7 Pageswhere Bill and Sam kidnap Johnny and are desperate for money from Ebenezer (337). The secondary conflict occurs when Bill and Sam have difficulty managing Johnny (339). Interestingly, Johnny enjoys being kidnapped and relates it to a game of Indians and war (340). This creates an unexpected and twisting plot throughout the story. The two conflicts are applied so that the primary conflict drives the story, and the secondary conflict is for humor. O Henry utilizes two conflicts to keepRead More The Forgotten Female in the Works of Ernest Hemingway Essay3143 Words   |  13 Pagestorments, interminable contradictions whose final tragic effects will surface in the embittered and aging Robert Cantwell (1). In effect, then, this is Jakes story--we do not really see Brett at all. According to Garcia, however, Hemingways characterizations of women adhere very closely to roles and functions traditionally prescribed by our society as models for the female, particularly the woman as sexual partner. The distinction between good and bad women in Hemingways works is an ironicRead MoreJungle Book Research Paper2509 Words   |  11 Pagespresenting the acceptance of the jungle and how Mowgli learns the way of life, but he surely does not stray away from representing his characters to the fullest. All of the characters in The Jungle Book have a significant impact on the story. Characterization marks one of the skills Kipling is known for. His characters come to life in his works. Despite the recherchà © names and animalistic appearance, Kipling has a way to make the reader understand each of the characters fully. His works are easilyRead MoreWalt Disney: the Quintessential American2275 Words   |  10 Pagesis no hard proof to show that Walt Disney was prejudiced, he did show it in his creations, or so we think (Gabler). The Three Little Pigs featured the wolf dressed as a Jewish peddler. The American Jewish Congress protested that the characterization was so vile, revolting and unnecessary as to constitute a direct affront to the Jews. According to Walt Disney Archives, Walt referred to Italians as garlic eaters and used a variety of crude terms for blacks. To this day, many critics assume

Neuropathology and Etiology of Alzheimer’s disease Free Essays

Scientists have not yet fully come to full grips with the real causes of Alzheimer’s disease, however, one clear aspect of the development of this disease arise from a very complex chain of activities taking place in the brain over a long period of lifetime. It has been argued that genetic, environmental and even lifestyle factors have contributed to major causes of this disease. Risk and protective factors may include genetic, medical, biological, environmental, dietary, social and cultural aspects (Draper, 2004). We will write a custom essay sample on Neuropathology and Etiology of Alzheimer’s disease or any similar topic only for you Order Now In genetic aspect, APOE E2 is rare and creates protection against Alzheimer’s disease and in case it does occur in much later years than in people with APOE E3 and APOE E4. APOE E3 forms the most common Allele and is assumed to perform a neutral role in Alzheimer’s disease. This means it neither stimulates nor increases reactions that would lead to the development of Alzheimer’s. The APOE E4 occurs in the most common and occurs in approximately 40% in those who suffer from late onset Alzheimer’s disease. It is therefore common that people with APOE E4 are more likely to suffer from Alzheimer’s disease (Kuhn Verity, 2007). It is infact known as the risk factor gene in that it increases one’s level of risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. Early – onset Alzheimer’s disease, affecting few people is as a result of chromosome different gene mutations on specific chromosomes (MartinisonMusaswes, 1993). These include chromosome 21, 14 and chromosome 1 and all these produces abnormal proteins. Permanent changes in chromosome 21 lead to the creation of APP (Abnormal Amyloid Precursor Protein) while the same process in chromosome 14 leads to the formation of abnormal presenilin and mutation in chromosome 1 lead to creation of abnormal presenilin. Inheritance of even one of these genes from both or one parent is most likely to develop early onset Alzheimer’s disease. This kind of inheritance pattern is referred to as â€Å"abnormal dominant inheritance†. Another possible risk towards the development of Alzheimer’s disease is SOR1 (Roudier et al, 1991). This gene is solely responsible for the transportation of APP (Abnormal Amyloid Precursor Protein) within the cells and was discovered to be connected to Alzheimer’s disease. While it is present in low levels, beta amyloid levels increase and may have a negative effect on neurons (Ramanathan, 1997). The difference in genetic make up from one person to another either delays or completely prevents the onset of Alzheimer’s disease, also known as Familial Alzheimer’s disease. It is mainly inherited from parents and is caused by mutations in three genes. (APOE E2, APOE E3, APOE E4). There is a 50-50 chance of an offspring developing early onset Alzheimer’s diseases if one of the parents had it, averagely at the age of 30-60. As many as 5. 3 million Americans are living with Alzheimer’s disease. It is know to destroy brain cells and hence cause problems with behavior, thinking and memory severely enough to affect work, lifelong hobbies or social infract It has been graded the sixth-leading cause of death in the United States (Mace Rabins, 2007). There is no known cure to Alzheimer’s disease yet but an attempt to control it is going on. Scientists and researchers have come up with brain implants aimed to controlling it. These implants contain proteins called Nerve Growth Factors (NGF) which directly delivered to brain nerve cells, which in turn stimulates their growth and thus reduces the chances of their degeneration. Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) is responsible for controlling cell regeneration in the entire body but it is denied entry into the brain, this makes brain cells lack ability to self-regenerate (Taylor, 2006). Alzheimer’s’ disease has no cure however and irreversible. It is as a result of progressive brain damage characterized by the building up of amyloid plagues and neurofibrillary tangles, lack of connection in the brain cells and the eventual death of these verve cells. Symptomatic treatment in combination with right support and proper service can lessen the pain of living with this disease. Change in different forms of lifestyle choices can also reduce the prevalence of this disease. It is a complex disease to understand because it affects individuals differently in the order in which symptoms come to surface, their order of appearance, the duration it lasts before end point and variation in the duration of stage. Increased vigor worldwide to find a lasting break through in proper treatment of this disease is underway (Coste, 2004). These include efforts to delay its onset, reduce late of its development and eliminate it from the body. Research also suggests that different forms of lifestyle such as nutrition, social activities; mentally involving activities are factors likely to reduce Alzheimer’s disease. Progression of series of Alzheimer’s disease consists of five stages expanded to seven stages by the use of a Modified Global Deterioration scale (GDS). This scale assists doctors to measure the exact level of progression of the disease in a patient and administer right medication. Stages of Alzheimer’s disease include the early stage where the individual has mild impairenent arising from this disease (Pearce, 2007). Symptoms in this stage include rapid changes in mood and behavior, forgetfulness, and lack of proper communication. This group still contains most of their capabilities and thus needs very minimal life support. Further deterioration in this stage one leads to the middle stage. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a condition in which a person has memory problems greater than those expected for his or her age. However, people with MCI do not have the personality changes or cognitive problems that characterize (Callone, 2007). Memory loss, difficulty in identifying people and objects are symptoms of middle stage although there may be little awareness. The late stage eventually does not allow verbal communication or one to take care of himself. This level require external support although their lives. The fourth stage, at end of life, is when one comes close to death and comfort is the main focus. Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) or Reisberg scale provides care givers with a better accurate measure of the level of deterioration stage. References: Draper B., (2004); Dealing with Dementia: A Guide to Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias. ISBN-10: 1865088536, ISBN-13: 978-1865088532, Allen Unwin. Roudier, M. , Marcie, P. , Podrabinek, N., Lamour, Y. , Payan, C. , Fermanian, J. and Boller, F. , (1991): Cognitive Functions in Alzheimer’s Disease: Interaction of Cognitive Domains. Developmental Neuropsychology. Volume: 7. Issue: 2. Kuhn, D. Verity, J., (2007): The Art of Dementia Care. ISBN-10: 140189951X, ISBN-13: 978-1401899516, Delmar Cengage Learning. Martinson, I. M. and Muwaswes, M. , (1993) ; Care giving Demands of Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease. Journal Title: Journal of Community Health Nursing. Volume: 10. Issue: 4. 1993. Page Number: 225. Ramanathan, V. , (1997);Alzheimer Discourse: Some Sociolinguistic Dimensions. ISBN: 9780805823554, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Mahwah, NJ. Taylor, R.. , (2006): Alzheimer’s from the inside out. ISBN-10: 1932529233, ISBN-13: 978-1932529234, Health Professions Press. Coste, K. J. , (2004): Learning to Speak Alzheimer’s: A Groundbreaking Approach for Everyone Dealing with the Disease. ISBN-10: 1864710632, ISBN-13: 978-0618485178, Mariner Books. Pearce, N., (2007): Inside Alzheimer’s: How to Hear and Honor Connections with a Person who has Dementia. ISBN-10: 0978829905, ISBN-13: 978-0978829902, Forrason Press Callone, P. , (2007): A Caregiver’s Guide to Alzheimer’s Disease: 300 Tips for Making Life Easier. ISBN-10: 1932603166, ISBN-13: 978-1932603163, Demos Medical Publishing. Mace, L. N. Rabins, V. P. , (2007);The 36-Hour Day: A Family Guide to Caring for People with Alzheimer Disease, Other Dementias, and Memory Loss in Later Life, 4th Edition, ISBN-10: 0801885094,ISBN-13: 978-0801885099, John’s Hopkins University Press How to cite Neuropathology and Etiology of Alzheimer’s disease, Papers

Jallianwallah bagh and blue star Essay Example For Students

Jallianwallah bagh and blue star Essay Both the Jallianwallah Bagh incident and Operation Blue Star were one of the most inhuman incidents conducted by man against man. I say this because in both the operation innocent men, women and children were killed. The Jallianwallah Bagh incident occurred during Indias struggle for independence. This was a very emotional moment for the family members of the victims as well as for the country. Operation Blue Star was carried out by the Government in order to suppress illegal and terrorist activities of a small militant group of fanatics Sikhs who had taken over the Golden Temple. The analogy between the Jallianwallah Bagh incident and Operation Blue Star is that both had taken place in Amritsar, Punjab and both hurt the Sikh sentiments. Ironically the results of both the incidents may have varied if the head of the operation were different. Thus perception comes to play. Perception is a unique characteristic of human beings and differs from person to person. It is our duty that we must respect the perception of others but at the same time learn to question it. The Jallianwallah Bagh incident occurred during Indias struggle for Independence, the Rowlatt Act a. k. a The Black Act had just been passed by British authorities. This act stated that no gathering or procession can be carried out by Indians. In Jallianwallah Bagh a peaceful gathering was being held when General Dyre opened fire. According to the general the crowd was plotting against the British. No decision was communicated to the General nor did he consult a higher authority, thus without any verbal message the massacre was carries out. Yes, the general may have been thinking right but there was no reason to attack the women and children. My reasoning is that the general had personal grudges against the Indians which provoked him to do such a gruesome act. The general broke humanitys ethics and moral values in doing such an act. This event goes down in history as one of the cruelest activities conducted by man against man. The emotions of the victims family were such that they were traumatized by this event. It is said that the walls of the Jallianwallah Bagh bullet marks can still be seen. Operation Blue Star occurred during the reign of Indira Gandhi. Militants had hid weapons in the Golden temple of Amritsar and posed a threat to the country. The golden temple is a place of worship and it is unethical for weapons or any sort of negative object to be within the temple boundaries. The terrorists had no moral values to do such an act. I think that Operation Blue Star was good for our country as it flushed out the negative energy that had been accumulating within the temple. People may perceive this operation as hurting the sentiments of the Sikhs but terrorists have no belief or faith and thus this operation was a success. Mrs. Gandhi communicated this decision to the army general by means of language. Information is a vital aspect for an organisation to work properly be it a Government or terrorist organization. In the case of Jallianwallah Bagh the British did not have the information that the general would open fire, it can also be said that there was no knowledge about the real reason of the gathering. In the Operation Blue Star the military had information about Bhinderewala and his capture of the temple, thus it was easy for the army to flush out the terrorists. Science has played a major role in these two events. In one case the advancements made in science are used to kill humanity and in the other it is used for the safety of humanity. It is up to us to decide which aspect of science we can use for the betterment of the world. I would like to conclude by saying that every step we take leaves a footprint in time. Thereby it is best for us to look back at the happy emotions we have been through in life and forget the sad ones. .u3e45daa3a050913e41e085dd62128e08 , .u3e45daa3a050913e41e085dd62128e08 .postImageUrl , .u3e45daa3a050913e41e085dd62128e08 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3e45daa3a050913e41e085dd62128e08 , .u3e45daa3a050913e41e085dd62128e08:hover , .u3e45daa3a050913e41e085dd62128e08:visited , .u3e45daa3a050913e41e085dd62128e08:active { border:0!important; } .u3e45daa3a050913e41e085dd62128e08 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3e45daa3a050913e41e085dd62128e08 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3e45daa3a050913e41e085dd62128e08:active , .u3e45daa3a050913e41e085dd62128e08:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3e45daa3a050913e41e085dd62128e08 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3e45daa3a050913e41e085dd62128e08 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3e45daa3a050913e41e085dd62128e08 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3e45daa3a050913e41e085dd62128e08 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3e45daa3a050913e41e085dd62128e08:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3e45daa3a050913e41e085dd62128e08 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3e45daa3a050913e41e085dd62128e08 .u3e45daa3a050913e41e085dd62128e08-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3e45daa3a050913e41e085dd62128e08:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Kafka Essay PaperWe must move on in life and live and work hard in the present for a better tomorrow. I hope that incidents like Jallianwallah Bagh and operation Blue Star do not occur again and we must make sure that we do not give any reason for people to conduct such acts of cruelty again. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our International Baccalaureate Theory of Knowledge section.